I managed to solve the problem. I already write what I changed, which is.
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I left the second module (Airtable-get a record) because it only needs one specific row each time
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I changed the Google Shets module (get range values) to search rows, and only there I got the option to filter records. I applied a filter on the record id, this too still didn’t quite work right, until I applied a filter on the maximum number of rows returned.
Only after changing the Google module, I had the option to select a specific cell from google Shets in the Airtable module (update a record) , otherwise I had to select the entire table range.