Welcome to the Make community!
Make does not keep track of read receipts from external mail services like Gmail.
If the external service does read receipts, and has a Developer API Reference/Documentation that allows you to fetch the read receipt status, then yes, you should be able to integrate the endpoints in Make using the generic HTTP “Make a request” module.
You can also suggest for it to be made in the Idea exchange. Don’t forget to search for it first, in case someone already suggested it!